2022年4月自考：英语（二）应试技巧之词形变化

词形变化( Word Form )应考方法

1.灵活运用形容词词形变化规律性。留意：动词形式既包含谓语动词的多种方式，如语态、语态及语调(直陈、虚似)等，虚拟语气为关键，两年来的考试题上都有这些方面內容;也包含非谓语动词的多种方式。因此 做形容词的词形变化时，最先要弄清楚它在句中是谓语动词或是非谓语动词，随后再作相对的转变。

2.用心学精并了解课文内容。题中所选择的词句是依据教材内容中产生的语句撰写的，在其中大部分来源于课文内容，因此了解教材内容十分关键。

3.用心刻苦钻研有关的英语语法解读。关键指谓语动词、非谓语动词、修饰词、介词较为级别、情态动词、虚拟语气修饰词比较级、级，等一部分。

形容词：形容词是考試的关键。关键包含：动词的时态、语态、语调和非谓语动词。

1)动词的时态：关键是形容词的过去式、过去进行时。

So far， Irving ______(live) in New York City for ten years. has lived

Many a writer of newspaper articles_______(trun) to writing novels during the past decade. has turned

Some people think relations between people _______(deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______(happen) to her.

had happened

In the past two decades， research _____(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded

2)形容词的语态：关键把握每个语态的主动式。

The nations that _______actively ________(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， Russia， and the United States. are involved

There __________(estimate) to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. were estimated

3)形容词的语调：

A.把握非真正条件句中，谓语动词在主句和条件句中的虚拟语气方式。

If you had come earlier， you ______ (not miss) the first act of the play.

would not have missed

If it hadn‘t been for your help， we _____(be) in real trouble.

would have been

B.在表明提议、指令、规定及其表明“必要性”和“迫切性”等含意的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常见虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“should 动词原形”组成。 should 经常省去

I would recommend that you _______(think) about doing something similar for yourself. (should) think

It was imperative that students ______(finish) their papers before July 1st.

(should) finish

C.形容词wish 、would rather (sooner)、if only、as if 后的虚拟语气。

I would rather he _____(buy) the house next year.

bought ( 表明从句中姿势并未产生)

She treats me as if I ______ (be) a stranger. were

The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____( meet) them before.

had met

If only we ______(have) a phone! I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.

D.in case ， for fear that ， lest 等词后从句的谓语动词为(should) 原型。

He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ (rain.)

(should) rain

E.在It is (high) time that 从句中谓语动词一般用过去式形容词。

It‘s high time that we _______(take) firm measures to protect our environment. took

F.時间错综复杂条件句，形容词的方式要依据表明的时间段调节。

如果我们早出发，如今就不容易雨中离开了。

If we had set out earlier，we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain.

(从句中姿势产生过去，主句中姿势产生在如今。)

4)形容词的非谓语动词方式：

A.动词不定式：关键考察动词不定式作定语、宾语、宾语或主语补足语等的用法。还需要留意动词不定式的主动式与进行式。

动词不定式作定语：If there is no choice， there is no decision ______(make) to be made

动词不定式作宾语： Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________(see) . to be seen

动词不定式作宾补 I notice him _______( leave ) the classroom. leave (可省去to)

动词不定式当家做主补：They were often compelled ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day.

to work( 不能省去to)

We make them (to) work day and night. 动词不定式作宾语补语，在有一些形容词后能够省去TO

They are made to work day and night. 动词不定式作主语补语时，不能省去TO

B.词性标注：关键考察分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的使用方法。留意现在分词与过去分词的差别。 此外，也有现在分词的主动式与进行式的方式。