2022年成人英语三级语法之分词的用法详解

由学历提升文化教育梳理的2022年成人英文三级英语的语法之分词的用法详细说明，供诸位学生参照备考，期待能对各位有一定的协助。

1、语态分在于谓语形容词和与谓语形容词与此同时二种。

（1）与谓语形容词与此同时。比如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　刚一到那里，她们就发觉那男孩儿去世了。

（2）在于谓语形容词。比如：While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在公园里散散步时他伤了腿。（可是，词性标注作时间状语，假如先与积极词的姿势，且注重依次，得用having done。比如：Having finished his homework, he went out.=As he had finished his homework, he went out.做完作业后，他出去了。

2、语态分2种状况。一是一般现在分词表明积极，过去分词表明处于被动，比如：He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)他便是让你钱的那人。二是连系动词的过去分词（gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned）表明姿势早已产生。比如：a well-read person.一个读过很多书的人

3、词性标注的六种使用方法

（1）词性标注作表语时，现在分词表明积极，已经开展。如She looked tired with cooking.她因为忙着煮饭，看起来有一些疲惫。；过去分词表明处于被动，早已进行。如He remained standing beside the table.他依旧立在桌边。

（2）连词 词性标注(语句)。有时候为使分词短语与主句关联更清晰，可在词性标注前面连词（连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as）。但词性标注的谓语和主句的谓语务必为同一个，如While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.句中waiting 和saw 的谓语同样。

（3）分词作状语。如If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.能够写出Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.倘若多给些照料，这些树会生长得更强。

【留意】挑选现在分词或是过去分词，重要看主句的谓语。如词性标注的行为是主句的谓语传出，词性标注就采用现在分词，相反就用过去分词。如Using the book, I find it useful.在采用的环节中，我发现了这本书很有效。

（4）词性标注作插入语时。其构造是确定的，含意上的谓语并并不是语句的谓语。如固定不动构造generally speaking一般说来；talking of (speaking of) 讲到；strictly speaking 严苛的说；judging from 从…分辨；all things considered 从总体看来；taking all things into consideration全方位来看

（5）分词作定语。一种是前置定语，如He is a retired worker.他是位离休的职工；一种是后置定语(i.词性标注短语；ii. 某些词性标注如given, left； iii. 装饰不定代词 something等)，如

词性标注外置This is the question given.这也是所给的难题

【留意】以往分词作定语时，与其说装饰的词是处于被动关联，等同于一个被动语态的定语从句。比如Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

（6）词性标注作补语。一般在感官动词和使役动词以后，如I’ll have my watch repaired.我觉得将我的腕表修一下。