2022年10月自考《英语》：怎样避免代名词错误

提到代称的误用，尤其是代名词的数和所引导的谓语的数不符合，促使后面谓语动词的数也跟随疏忽大意，真的是失之毫厘，谬以千里，不得不察。

这儿要强调一些方位，以防止因代称的问题而使语句的含意模模糊糊。

如何防止代称的问题呢?

一、不能用同一个代称引导2个性別一样的专有名词，如：

1. Mr Li told Mr Lin that he was wrong.

这儿的he既可指张先生，也可指刘先生，模棱两可。应当改成②或③：

2. Mr Li said to Mr Lin, "I am wrong."

3. Mr Li said to Mr Lin, "You are wrong."

二、防止把代称和它所引导的专有名词分隔很远，如：

4. The man leaned over the bench for hours working on the plan. It was too low to be comfortable.

这儿的代词it离去专有名词the bench很远，結果关联不清楚，由于在部位上，它更合适引导the plan.在这样的情形下，只能绕开it，而用专有名词，即the bench.

三、防止乱用指示代词"this，that"或关系代词"who，which，that"特指前文的內容。比如：

5. Tom’s brother is an accountant, and this is the profession everyone envies.

这儿的this指"accountant"。“会计”是一种专业人员，和后面的“技术专业”(profession)并迥异，因而要把this改成 accountancy(财务工作)，才合语句的含意。

6. The profit from the business was large, which I realised sometime later.

这儿的"which I realised sometime later"是句修饰词分句，应当发生在先行词后边，不应该摆脱出去而单独。假如要用它来装饰全句话，更漏洞百出，应当改成⑦或⑧：

7. I realised sometime later that the profit from the business was large.(主句 专有名词分句)

8.The profit from the business was large. I realised this (matter) sometime later.(单句 单句)

四、防止用代称"they, you, it"映射脑中的事情，如：

9. In Singapore, it relies heavily on tourism as a source of national revenue.

这儿的 it 偏向什么?如果是心中中的“政府部门”或“度假旅游推动局”，那就需要明言，不能用不明不白的it：

10. In Singapore, the government…

11. In Singapore, the Tourist Promotion Board…

12. In less industrialised countries, they do not know the problems of urban development.

这儿的代称they是否指the people(老百姓)?如果是就用吧。In less industrialised countries, the people…之后，要再提这谓语时，才用they：…the people…They are only interested in their daily life.

实际上，在这类谓语不祥的情形下，被动语态是的挑选：

13. In less industrialised countries, the problems of urban development are not known "Though the standard of living is raised, the costs of living are also increasing."