2022年10月自考《英语》：怎样避免间接引语的错误

在英语里，大家可以用这两种方式复述人的语句。第一种是直接引语(The Direct Speech);第二种是间接引语(The Indirect Speech)，也可叫("The Reported Speech")。从直接引语变化为间接引语是一种表述行式的更改，不危害本意。比如：

1.a. He said, "I am working now."

b. He said that he was working then.

2.a. She asked me, "Do you like to sing?"

b. She asked me if I liked to sing.

3.a. "Go out!" the man said to the boy.

b. The man ordered the boy to go out.

①b，②b，③b是间接引语，其类型和①a，②a，③a不一样。

间接引语是种普遍的语法，用得许多。正由于用到多，错误的机遇也多。下边就是些事例：

4.He said that he would come tomorrow.

这儿的介词"tomorrow"要变为"the next day"。原因是：间接引语里的时间副词或语句， 一般上应把这其中的時间往前推，如：tomorrow：the next day;today： that day;last night：the night before;now：then;ago：before that time等。

5.I asked what is wrong with him.

这儿的"is"要变为"was"。注意事项：主句"I asked"和分句"what is wrong with him"的动词时态务必相互配合。即然主句的形容词"asked"是过去时态，分句的形容词也需要过去时态"was"。除此之外，动词时态一般上也需要推前，因而简易过去时态(Simple Past Tense)要变为以往完成时态(Past Perfect Tense)，如：went ：had gone;left： had left.

6.John told her don’t do that again.

这儿的"don’t do"要变为"not to do"才对。原因是：祈使句变为间接引语时的方式是动词不定式形容词："to verb / not to verb"，如：to come / not to come;to do / not to do.

7.She asked me where was I going.

这儿的"was I"语序不对， 要变为"I was"才算是，由于间接性一般疑问句(indirect question)里的语序和描述句一样，是一切正常语序，并不是倒装法，如：

8.He wanted to know who that girl was.

9.John asked Helen if she was free.

10.She asked me whether I could help her.

假如语序是倒装句方式，就不对：

…who was that girl.

…if was she free.

…whether could I help her.

有关间接性一般疑问句，也有一点务必留意的是，立即一般疑问句里的疑问词要照用， 如例⑧的"who"。要是没有疑问词，就需要借重连词"if"或"whether"之助，如例⑨和⑩就是。

在完毕文中以前，顺带提一提如何把表明惊讶或期望的直接引语转成间接引语。

11. He said, "Alas! I am undone."

12. "Bravo! You have done a good job, Mary," said the teacher.

13. "Good Heaven!" Tom cried, "I’ll never lie again."

把11-13，变化为14-16时，可以用适当的形容词把深处的含意体现出去，乃至加些全文沒有的关键字，也不在乎：

14. He exclaimed that he was undone.

15. The teacher praised Mary, saying that she had done a good job.

16. Tom called upon Heaven to witness his determination not to lie again.