备战成考专升本：英语语法之感官动词与独立主格

感官动词 doing/( to) do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel do 表明行为的一致性，真实有效； doing 表明行为的持续性，渐行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨日看见了他在公园里干活儿了。(注重”我看见了”这一客观事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（注重”我见他正干活儿”这一姿势）

昨日我见他已经公园里干活儿。

典型性练习题

1）They knew her very well. They had seen her __. up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow

回答：A。因句意为，她们看见她成长，因而注重的是成长的过程，并非已经长的姿势，因而用see sb do sth 的句式。

2）The missing boy was last seen __. near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

回答A. 题中注重其姿势，已经小河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句式。

独立主格

（一）： 独立主格构造的组成：

专有名词(代词) 现在分词、过去分词； 专有名词(代词) 修饰词； 专有名词(代词) 介词； 专有名词(代词) 动词不定式； 专有名词(代词) 介词短语组成。

（二）独立主格构造的特性：

1）独立主格构造的逻辑主语与语句的谓语不一样，它单独存有。

2）专有名词或代词与之后的词性标注，修饰词，介词，不确定 式，代词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格构造一般有分号与主句分离。

举例说明：

he test finished, we began our holiday.

= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.

考試告一段落，大家逐渐放假了。

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

美国总统被凶杀了，全国上下沉浸在可悲当中。

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

假如气温容许，大家明日去看看你。

This done, we went home.

工作中结束后，大家才回家了。

The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.

大会完毕后，每一个人都想回家。